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52 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
gauthiier
ce8e617bd7 Commit has files conditional 2015-05-26 10:39:21 +02:00
gauthiier
24b4840d53 Branch switch 2015-05-25 23:39:27 +02:00
gauthiier
4e9e897297 Performing index
v0.1
2015-05-25 22:07:00 +02:00
gauthiier
434a9665e3 Merge branch 'prototype' into gh-pages 2015-05-25 22:01:47 +02:00
gauthiier
2485023cee Staging main script for export 2015-05-25 21:48:05 +02:00
gauthiier
a3cc75c3ec Exported files (bis) 2015-05-25 21:37:42 +02:00
gauthiier
2cf8123025 Exported files 2015-05-25 21:31:32 +02:00
gauthiier
56806a0bef Added export script and dependencies 2015-05-25 21:27:37 +02:00
gauthiier
3b1bca9c41 Performing Scripts
git and html scripts
2015-05-25 20:45:58 +02:00
gauthiier
474b259cef .gitignore 2015-05-21 21:33:08 +02:00
gauthiier
53848f1a11 cleanup 2015-05-12 20:55:44 +02:00
gauthiier
8148dbbf36 von Neumann - Planning and Coding 2015-04-09 14:30:09 +02:00
gauthiier
b9d5e43d96 Stibitz adder relay 2015-03-19 18:14:41 +01:00
gauthiier
420f1735ea The Whetstone of Witte 2015-03-19 17:57:27 +01:00
gauthiier
5962f7dea3 Logs - Napier + Briggs 2015-03-19 17:34:34 +01:00
gauthiier
34f8945d76 RAND's Million Random Digits 2015-03-19 16:45:08 +01:00
gauthiier
c1e5a6c226 Pascaline (Pascale) + Step Reckoner (Leinbniz) 2015-03-19 15:59:44 +01:00
Robin Boast
c2ff166f61 Turing's discussion of digital computers
In this bit of his 1950 paper, Turing identifies the computer as a
processing and storage system, not as a computational device.
2015-03-19 10:00:05 +01:00
Robin Boast
57bdc1eb33 Turing's Computing machinery and intelligence first page 2015-03-19 09:59:12 +01:00
Robin Boast
1737a2d2e3 OED entry for reckon
I like this as Reckon is about 17 pages longer than that for computer.
2015-03-19 09:58:40 +01:00
Robin Boast
37177e3927 OED dictionary entry for Computer 2015-03-19 09:58:02 +01:00
Robin Boast
759cd645d4 Engelbart's Mother of all Demos
The best image I know of Doug Englebart’s 1969 demo of the personal
computer environment.
2015-03-19 09:57:43 +01:00
Robin Boast
a02dde35d9 some more notes 2015-03-19 09:56:50 +01:00
Robin Boast
4c9f26a09b Capurro - Information semantic shift article
Though this paper is about the semantic shift in information and
message, I like how it disentangles a semantic shift of an allied term.
I would like to do something similar with computation.
2015-03-19 09:56:35 +01:00
Robin Boast
cfbc836815 Barnes - Alan Kay paper
This is Susan Barnes’ paper on Alan Kay’s computer work as a
communication medium.
2015-03-19 09:55:30 +01:00
Robin Boast
6b5d4f551f First Dutch computer
Just for fun as we are in Amsterdam
2015-03-19 09:54:46 +01:00
Robin Boast
275bd069c4 The Arithometer
The first widely used calculating machine. The Arithometer was in use
from the 1860 to this final version produced in 1914.
2015-03-19 09:54:21 +01:00
Robin Boast
ddbce4b4d8 Logic gates
Again, the process of the computer chip is not so calculative as it is
logical. It is a process of logical choices of input. Turing’s point
was that these logical choices, assembled in a process, could emulate
any calculative process.
2015-03-19 09:53:27 +01:00
Robin Boast
96e409a72f Alan Turing photo
I particularly like this photo of Alan Turing as it is about the only
one where he is smiling.
2015-03-19 09:51:42 +01:00
Robin Boast
e6b9d81618 Nice set of adding machines and calculators from google 2015-03-19 09:50:40 +01:00
Robin Boast
5151310092 Alan Kay's KiddieKomp Computer
this shows how in the early stages of SRI and PARC’s work on the
personal computer, they were media and education devices. This shows
how the goals were not at all about computation, but about media and
information work and coding.
2015-03-19 09:50:18 +01:00
Robin Boast
59b9924d46 When computers were human
Chapter 5 of Grier’s Book, when People were human. "A carpet for the
computing room".
2015-03-04 19:35:29 +01:00
Robin Boast
a7b02f434e Electronic brains
A 1960s advert for the Geniac, an electronic brain (calculator)
2015-03-04 19:34:47 +01:00
Robin Boast
ca9b21e46a Spreadsheet way of knowing
Paper from the early 1980s on the rise of spreadsheets and their
particular epistemology.
2015-03-04 19:34:07 +01:00
Robin Boast
5114955252 Ledgers as computational formula
Ledgers were the primary computational forms for economic, statistical
and financial reckoning until well into the 1970s.
2015-03-04 19:33:15 +01:00
Robin Boast
171d96db63 Calculating machines, calculating women
Three works on women as computors (computers) and its importance to the
concept of computation.
2015-02-12 10:20:23 +01:00
Robin Boast
730c25b9be NRC categories of mathematical tables
This is fun to see that "Calculating machines" are relegated to Z
2015-02-12 10:19:19 +01:00
Robin Boast
e8e60e82c7 History of Computation
Not that good, but a useful resource.
2015-02-12 10:18:15 +01:00
Robin Boast
e1bd1f73d3 Turing's article on Computing machinery intelligen
Turing's article on Computing machinery and intelligence. There is an
open document as well as the original.
2015-02-12 09:40:28 +01:00
Robin Boast
971ee4a2c2 Turing's original paper
This is a clean copy of Turing’s On Computable Numbers. Thought it
could be nice to have.
2015-02-11 14:29:03 +01:00
gauthiier
eccf0492f0 Commented on Computation Project 2015-02-10 13:13:50 +01:00
gauthiier
35e5543075 Deleuze -- The Exhausted
About Combinatorics and Samuel Beckett — à propos when talking about
Computers (humans)
2015-02-10 11:50:38 +01:00
gauthiier
c3d457ec50 Von Neumann (EDVAC + Errors)
I like the idea of fragments (re:  Arcades Project) — perhaps we’d need
to find a combinatorics of fragments.
2015-02-10 11:47:04 +01:00
Robin Boast
b89560b0cd Some papers that are interesting.
See especially Computation Project and Wikipedia-computational logic
2015-02-09 08:30:44 +01:00
gauthiier
ee6fb76bf5 changes 2015-02-05 15:52:03 +01:00
gauthiier
94a56071de index from mb 2015-02-05 15:32:39 +01:00
dviid
bfec1ba69b Deleted index.md 2015-02-05 15:16:06 +01:00
dviid
08ef321b5f prose.io HAHA! commit 2015-02-05 14:45:53 +01:00
gauthiier
eaf4543e4b HAHA! commit 2015-02-05 14:44:38 +01:00
dviid
0b0a7bece4 Deleted index.html 2015-02-05 14:34:38 +01:00
dviid
f4dc4cc7aa Updated index.html 2015-02-05 14:34:18 +01:00
gauthiier
7dadd47237 HAHA! commit 2015-02-05 13:55:04 +01:00
101 changed files with 925 additions and 151 deletions

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README.md
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![](http://www.bobmockford.co.uk/calculating/reckoner/Ready%20Reckoner.jpg) ###... compute / reckon ...
## reckon |ˈrɛk(ə)n| ![](http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/images/icp/R133983Y24616B87/us__en_us__ibm100__tabulator__punched_card__620x350.jpg)
verb
1. [ with obj. ] establish by calculation: his debts were **reckoned at** _£300,000 | the Byzantine year was reckoned from 1 September._
* (**reckon someone/thing among**) include someone or something in (a class or group): _the society can reckon among its members males of the royal blood._
2. [ with clause ] informal be of the opinion: _he reckons that the army should pull out entirely | I reckon I can manage that._
* [ with obj. and complement ] consider or regard in a specified way: _the event was reckoned a failure._
* [ no obj. ] (**reckon on/to**) informal have a specified view or opinion of: _What do you reckon on this place? she asked._
* [ with obj. ] Brit. informal rate highly: _I don't reckon his chances._
3. [ no obj. ] (**reckon on**) rely on or be sure of: _they had reckoned on a day or two more of privacy._
* [ with infinitive ] informal expect to do a particular thing: _I reckon to get away by two-thirty._
## reckoning |ˈrɛk(ə)nɪŋ|
noun [ mass noun ]
1. the action or process of calculating or estimating something: _the sixth, or by another reckoning eleventh, Earl of Mar._
* a person's opinion or judgement: by ancient reckoning, bacteria are plants.
* [ count noun ] archaic a bill or account, or its settlement.
2. the avenging or punishing of past mistakes or misdeeds: _the fear of being brought to reckoning_ | [ count noun ] : _there will be a terrible reckoning._
3. (**the reckoning**) contention for a place in a team or among the winners of a contest: he has hit the sort of form which could thrust him into **the reckoning**.
ORIGIN Old English _(ge)recenian_recount, relate, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch _**rekenen**_ and German _**rechnen to count (up)**_. Early senses included give an account of items received and mention things in order, which gave rise to the notion of calculation and hence of being of an opinion.
----
![](http://www.cbi.umn.edu/hostedpublications/Tomash/Images%20web%20site/Image%20files/R%20Images/images/Ready%20Reckoner.calcul%20des%20paymens.1691.sample%20table%20page.jpg)
----
[Things that Count](http://metastudies.net/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.TheModernEpochAndTheEmergenceOfTheModernCalculator)
----
John Stuart Mill, _A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive_
_Whenever the nature of the subject permits our reasoning processes to be, without danger, carried on mechanically, the language should be constructed on as mechanical principles as possible; while in the contrary case, it should be so constructed that there shall be the greatest possible obstacles to a merely mechanical use of it._
[John Stuart Mill, _A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive_, Vol. II p.260](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35421/35421-h/35421-h.htm#Page_289)
----
## compute |kəmˈpjuːt|
verb [ with obj. ]
reckon or calculate (a figure or amount): _the hire charge is computed on a daily basis._
* [ no obj., with negative ] informal seem reasonable; make sense: _the idea of a woman alone in a pub did not compute._[from the phrase _does not compute_, once used as an error message in computing.]
ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from French _**computer**_ or Latin _**computare**_, **_from com- together + putare to settle (an account)_**.
----
![http://www.tnmoc.org/explore/colossus-gallery](http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/11_02/ColossusoldDM_1000x693.jpg)
----
[Turing, A.M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59, 433-460.](http://loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html)
> 4 Digital Computers
> The idea behind digital computers may be explained by saying that these machines are intended to carry out any operations which could be done by a human computer. The human computer is supposed to be following fixed rules; he has no authority to deviate from them in any detail. We may suppose that these rules are supplied in a book, which is altered whenever he is put on to a new job. He has also an unlimited supply of paper on which he does his calculations. He may also do his multiplications and additions on a "desk machine," but this is not important.
> [...]
> The book of rules which we have described our human computer as using is of course a convenient fiction. Actual human computers really remember what they have got to do. If one wants to make a machine mimic the behaviour of the human computer in some complex operation one has to ask him how it is done, and then translate the answer into the form of an instruction table. Constructing instruction tables is usually described as "programming." To "programme a machine to carry out the operation A" means to put the appropriate instruction table into the machine so that it will do A.
> An interesting variant on the idea of a digital computer is a "digital computer with a random element." These have instructions involving the throwing of a die or some equivalent electronic process; one such instruction might for instance be, "Throw the die and put the-resulting number into store 1000." Sometimes such a machine is described as having free will (though I would not use this phrase myself), It is not normally possible to determine from observing a machine whether it has a random element, for a similar effect can be produced by such devices as making the choices depend on the digits of the decimal for .
> Most actual digital computers have only a finite store. There is no theoretical difficulty in the idea of a computer with an unlimited store. Of course only a finite part can have been used at any one time. Likewise only a finite amount can have been constructed, but we can imagine more and more being added as required. Such computers have special theoretical interest and will be called infinitive capacity computers.
----
![](http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Bush-Vannevar/bush_vannevar_differential_analyzer.c1930.102618648.lg.jpg)
----
Norber Wiener, _Cybernetics_
> To accomplish reason able results in a reasonable time, it thus became necessary to push the speed of the elementary processes to the maximum, and to avoid interrupting the stream of these processes by steps of an essentially slower nature. It also became necessary to perform the individual processes with so high a degree of accuracy that the enormous repetition of the elementary processes should not bring about a cumulative error so great as to swamp all accuracy. Thus the following requirements were suggested:
>1. That the central adding and multiplying apparatus of the computing machine should be numerical, as in an ordinary adding machine, rather than on a basis of measurement, as in the Bush differential analyzer.
2. That these mechanisms, which are essentially switching devices, should depend on electronic tubes rather than on gears or mechanical relays, in order to secure quicker action.
3. That, in accordance with the policy adopted in some existing apparatus of the Bell Telephone Laboratories, it would probably be more economical in apparatus to adopt the scale of two for addition and multiplication, rather than the scale of ten.
4. That the entire sequence of operations be laid out on the machine itself so that there should be no human intervention from the time the data were entered until the final results should be taken off, and that all logical decisions necessary for this should be built into the machine itself.
5. That the machine contain an apparatus for the storage of data which should record them quickly, hold them firmly until erasure, read them quickly, erase them quickly, and then be immediately available for the storage of new material.
-- Norber Wiener, _Cybernetics_ 1948 p.4
----
Claude Shannon, _A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits_
![](img/shannon.png)
-- [Claude Shannon, _A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits_, MIT M.Sc Thesis](http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/11173)
----
George Boole, _The Mathematical Analysis of Logic_
> We might justly assign it as the definitive character of a true Calculus, that it is a method resting upon the employment of Symbols, whose laws of combination are known and general, and whose results admit of a consistent interpretation. That to the existing forms of Analysis a quantitative interpretation is assigned, is the result of the circumstances by which those forms were determined, and is not to be construed into a universal condition of Analysis. It is upon the foundation of this general principle, that I purpose to establish the Calculus of Logic, and that I claim for it a place among the acknowledged forms of Mathematical Analysis, regardless that in its object and in its instruments it must at present stand alone.
[George Boole, _The Mathematical Analysis of Logic: Being an Essay Towards a Calculus of Deductive Reasoning_ p.4](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/36884/36884-pdf.pdf?session_id=8cb262941aa0df95dff4520e00b3aa7060799906)
----
Leibnitz. _Explication de larithmétique binaire_
![](img/leibniz-calcul-binaire.png)
[Godefroy-Guillaume Leibnitz. _Explication de larithmétique binaire, qui se sert des seuls caractères O et I avec des remarques sur son utilité et sur ce quelle donne le sens des anciennes figures chinoises de Fohy_. Mémoires de mathématique et de physique de lAcadémie royale des sciences, Académie royale des sciences, 1703.](img/Leibniz_ArithmetiqueBinaire.pdf)
----
## When Computers Where Humans
<iframe width="100%" height="400" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YwqltwvPnkw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
----
![](/img/reckoners.png)
[link to book](http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners.html#TOC)
----
Stibitz, George - "Relay Computers"
> By “calculator” or “calculating machine” we shall mean a device . . capable of accepting two numbers A and B, and of forming some or any of thecombinations A + B,A - B,A x B,A/B.By “computer” we shall mean a machine capable of carrying out automatically a succession of oper- ations of this kind and of storing the necessary intermediate results . . . . Human agents will be referred to as “operators” to distinguish them from “computers” (machines).
-- Stibitz, George. February, 1945. “Relay Computers.” National Defense Research Committee, Applied Mathematics Panel, AMP Report 171.1R. via Ceruzzi, Paul E. “When Computers Were Human.” Annals of the History of Computing 13, no. 3 (July 1991): 23744. doi:10.1109/MAHC.1991.10025.
* see index.md

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var fs = require('fs')
var gs = require('ghostscript')
var path = require('path')
var reckon_path = "."
var export_path = "export"
var index_name = "index.json"
if(!fs.existsSync(export_path))
fs.mkdirSync(export_path);
var index = [];
var index_path = path.join(export_path, index_name);
if(fs.existsSync(index_path))
index = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(index_path, 'utf8'));
fs.readdir(reckon_path, function(err, files) {
if(err)
throw err;
files.map(function (f) {
return {"name" : f, "path" : path.join(reckon_path, f)};
}).filter(function (f) {
return (fs.statSync(f.path).isFile() && path.extname(f.path) === '.pdf' && !exists(f.name));
}).forEach(function (f) {
var img_fname = extract_img(f.path);
var entry = {}
entry.name = f.name;
entry.imgs = [];
entry.imgs.push(img_fname);
index.push(entry);
})
var index_content = JSON.stringify(index, null, 2);
fs.writeFile(index_path, index_content, function(err) {
if(err) return console.log(err);
console.log(index_path + '>' + index_content);
});
});
function extract_img(file) {
var out_name = path.basename(file) + ".png"
var out = path.join(export_path, out_name);
gs()
.batch()
.quiet()
.nopause()
.device('pngalpha')
.input(file)
.output(out)
.r(72)
.spawn();
return out_name;
}
function exists(fname) {
for (var e in index) {
if(index[e].name === fname)
return true;
}
return false;
}

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[
{
"name": "A Spreadsheet Way of Knowledge — Backchannel — Medium.pdf",
"imgs": [
"A Spreadsheet Way of Knowledge — Backchannel — Medium.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Adding Machines.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Adding Machines.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Barnes_Alan Kay-Transforming the Computer into a Communication Medium_2007.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Barnes_Alan Kay-Transforming the Computer into a Communication Medium_2007.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Capurro_Past present and future of the concept of information_2009.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Capurro_Past present and future of the concept of information_2009.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Copeland_Computation_2004.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Copeland_Computation_2004.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Gilles Deleuze - The Exhausted.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Gilles Deleuze - The Exhausted.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Grier-CarpetForcomputingRoom.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Grier-CarpetForcomputingRoom.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "History of Computation - 16-19th Century Work.pdf",
"imgs": [
"History of Computation - 16-19th Century Work.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Leibniz_ArithmetiqueBinaire.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Leibniz_ArithmetiqueBinaire.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "MR1418.deviates.pdf",
"imgs": [
"MR1418.deviates.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "National Research Counil bibliography of mathematical tables and other aids to computation_1939.pdf",
"imgs": [
"National Research Counil bibliography of mathematical tables and other aids to computation_1939.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Pickering_The Cybernetic Brain Sketches of Another Future_2010 copy.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Pickering_The Cybernetic Brain Sketches of Another Future_2010 copy.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Prentice_Calculating machines calculating women-redesigning astronomical and scientific computation in Britian 1915-1946_2000.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Prentice_Calculating machines calculating women-redesigning astronomical and scientific computation in Britian 1915-1946_2000.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "RCA_Tables of Trigonometric Functions and Non-sexagesimal arguements_1943.pdf",
"imgs": [
"RCA_Tables of Trigonometric Functions and Non-sexagesimal arguements_1943.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Skinner_The age of the female computers_2006.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Skinner_The age of the female computers_2006.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Turing_Computing machinery and intelligence_1950_ORIGINAL.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Turing_Computing machinery and intelligence_1950_ORIGINAL.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Turing_On Computable Numbers_1936.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Turing_On Computable Numbers_1936.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "VonNeumann-EDVAC-2003-08-TheFirstDraft.pdf",
"imgs": [
"VonNeumann-EDVAC-2003-08-TheFirstDraft.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "VonNeumann56-LOGIC-AUTOMATA-ERROR-REDUNDANCY.pdf",
"imgs": [
"VonNeumann56-LOGIC-AUTOMATA-ERROR-REDUNDANCY.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Wikipedia_Computational Logic.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Wikipedia_Computational Logic.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "Women Computers in World War II - GHN: IEEE Global History Network.pdf",
"imgs": [
"Women Computers in World War II - GHN: IEEE Global History Network.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "computation-OED.pdf",
"imgs": [
"computation-OED.pdf.png"
]
},
{
"name": "reckon, v. : Oxford English Dictionary.pdf",
"imgs": [
"reckon, v. : Oxford English Dictionary.pdf.png"
]
}
]

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<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="reckon.css"/>
<title>Performing Histories of Computation</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="listing">
<div id="title"><h1>Performing Histories of Computation</h1></div>
<!-- entry #0 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: a3cc75c3ec7a300309ff93b89f1c0c4e73eb0bde</h2></commit>
<commit>Mon May 25 2015 21:37:42 GMT+0200 (CEST)</commit>
<message><h3>Exported files (bis) — </h3></message>
<content>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #1 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 56806a0befa4cc0b73f606ea001501f756f0292e</h2></commit>
<commit>Mon May 25 2015 21:27:37 GMT+0200 (CEST)</commit>
<message><h3>Added export script and dependencies — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="export.js">export.js</a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #2 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 3b1bca9c41177fc39e26af8793286a2bcb58d2dc</h2></commit>
<commit>Mon May 25 2015 20:45:58 GMT+0200 (CEST)</commit>
<message><h3>Performing Scripts —
git and html scripts
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="reckon.css">reckon.css</a>
<a href="template.html">template.html</a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #3 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 474b259cef617097cd1b6a4f50bb649166022d6c</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu May 21 2015 21:33:08 GMT+0200 (CEST)</commit>
<message><h3>.gitignore — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href=".gitignore">.gitignore</a>
<a href="index.js">index.js</a>
<a href="package.json">package.json</a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #4 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 53848f1a11a889cd42834a60e53bc1be5f34a575</h2></commit>
<commit>Tue May 12 2015 20:55:44 GMT+0200 (CEST)</commit>
<message><h3>cleanup — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="5 MB punched cards-1960s.jpg"><img src="5 MB punched cards-1960s.jpg"/></a>
<a href="Baltimore Social Security office_ca 1937.jpg"><img src="Baltimore Social Security office_ca 1937.jpg"/></a>
<a href="Distributed computing in 1924.jpg"><img src="Distributed computing in 1924.jpg"/></a>
<a href="Early NASA Computers (women).jpg"><img src="Early NASA Computers (women).jpg"/></a>
<a href="Early_1920s_Veterans_Bureau_Calculating_WWI_Vet_Bonuses_LOC.jpg"><img src="Early_1920s_Veterans_Bureau_Calculating_WWI_Vet_Bonuses_LOC.jpg"/></a>
<a href="First Computer Bug Grace Hopper.jpg"><img src="First Computer Bug Grace Hopper.jpg"/></a>
<a href="French hairdressers into computers.jpg"><img src="French hairdressers into computers.jpg"/></a>
<a href="Hollerith Census Card.gif"><img src="Hollerith Census Card.gif"/></a>
<a href="Leibniz_ArithmetiqueBinaire.pdf"><img src="export/Leibniz_ArithmetiqueBinaire.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="Macie Roberts computing group circa 1955.jpg"><img src="Macie Roberts computing group circa 1955.jpg"/></a>
<a href="Punched card sorter-icepick.jpg"><img src="Punched card sorter-icepick.jpg"/></a>
<a href="RCA_Tables of Trigonometric Functions and Non-sexagesimal arguements_1943.pdf"><img src="export/RCA_Tables of Trigonometric Functions and Non-sexagesimal arguements_1943.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="Social Security original punched data card 1937.jpg"><img src="Social Security original punched data card 1937.jpg"/></a>
<a href="Storage of IBM record cards at the Federal records center in Alexandria, Virginia, November 1959.jpg"><img src="Storage of IBM record cards at the Federal records center in Alexandria, Virginia, November 1959.jpg"/></a>
<a href="Women computers in WW2.jpg"><img src="Women computers in WW2.jpg"/></a>
<a href="leibniz-calcul-binaire.png"><img src="leibniz-calcul-binaire.png"/></a>
<a href="shannon.png"><img src="shannon.png"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #5 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 8148dbbf365c7c69848dfb9d0c93b767ed45f587</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Apr 09 2015 14:30:09 GMT+0200 (CEST)</commit>
<message><h3>von Neumann - Planning and Coding — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="VonNeumann_PlanningCoding.pdf"></a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #6 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: b9d5e43d96e261de2985bac8fbbd2a16bb623bec</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 18:14:41 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Stibitz adder relay — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Stibitz-KModel.jpg"><img src="Stibitz-KModel.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #7 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 420f1735ea0226d1237dd0c5a040de1a3da6c87d</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 17:57:27 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>The Whetstone of Witte — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="The Whetstone of Witte - Addition.png"><img src="The Whetstone of Witte - Addition.png"/></a>
<a href="The Whetstone of Witte - Multiplication.png"><img src="The Whetstone of Witte - Multiplication.png"/></a>
<a href="The Whetstone of Witte.png"><img src="The Whetstone of Witte.png"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #8 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 5962f7dea3e9fd32d4a616055383ef3c10b875f3</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 17:34:34 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Logs - Napier + Briggs — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="1205HOFnapier_Fig.jpg"><img src="1205HOFnapier_Fig.jpg"/></a>
<a href="Briggs.Arithmetica logarithmica.1624.critica logarithms.jpg"><img src="Briggs.Arithmetica logarithmica.1624.critica logarithms.jpg"/></a>
<a href="Briggs_Arithmetica_logarithmica_1624.jpg"><img src="Briggs_Arithmetica_logarithmica_1624.jpg"/></a>
<a href="napierrods_27640_md.gif"><img src="napierrods_27640_md.gif"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #9 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 34f8945d76452bf36f9cd05c4d60936f8348eae7</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 16:45:08 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>RAND's Million Random Digits — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="MR1418.deviates.pdf"><img src="export/MR1418.deviates.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="Ready Reckoner.jpg"><img src="Ready Reckoner.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #10 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: c1e5a6c2262513d58479f4a0ef3490a6cd73b81e</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 15:59:44 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Pascaline (Pascale) + Step Reckoner (Leinbniz) — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Leibniz_Stepped_Reckoner_drawing.png"><img src="Leibniz_Stepped_Reckoner_drawing.png"/></a>
<a href="pascaline.jpg"><img src="pascaline.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #11 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: c2ff166f6185e1cf1bdc8d424ddc5ab05d0186e2</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 10:00:05 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Turing's discussion of digital computers —
In this bit of his 1950 paper, Turing identifies the computer as a
processing and storage system, not as a computational device.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Turing---Digital-Computers.jpg"><img src="Turing---Digital-Computers.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #12 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 57bdc1eb33cb1f543702bce1fa79fa51375b2bc5</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:59:12 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Turing's Computing machinery and intelligence first page — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Turing_Computing-machinery-and-intelligence_1950_ORIGINAL.jpg"><img src="Turing_Computing-machinery-and-intelligence_1950_ORIGINAL.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #13 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 1737a2d2e3bb0572b6bf849d9f33f60da8a47ac0</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:58:40 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>OED entry for reckon —
I like this as Reckon is about 17 pages longer than that for computer.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="reckon, v. : Oxford English Dictionary.pdf"><img src="export/reckon, v. : Oxford English Dictionary.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #14 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 37177e392787c302bc57d7da4cc98871c5adfef0</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:58:02 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>OED dictionary entry for Computer — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="OED-Computer.jpg"><img src="OED-Computer.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #15 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 759cd645d4eb22b38fd456879cce006ec27adff4</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:57:43 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Engelbart's Mother of all Demos —
The best image I know of Doug Englebarts 1969 demo of the personal
computer environment.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Doug Engelbart's Presentation - 9-12-1968.jpg"><img src="Doug Engelbart's Presentation - 9-12-1968.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #16 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: a02dde35d99d15b8a158f434ee6b6f4a0782a05d</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:56:50 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>some more notes — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Computation Notes 9-3-2015.pages">Computation Notes 9-3-2015.pages</a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #17 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 4c9f26a09b221f1e65803c75f9ebb628a0ace395</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:56:35 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Capurro - Information semantic shift article —
Though this paper is about the semantic shift in information and
message, I like how it disentangles a semantic shift of an allied term.
I would like to do something similar with computation.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Capurro_Past present and future of the concept of information_2009.pdf"><img src="export/Capurro_Past present and future of the concept of information_2009.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #18 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: cfbc8368159e12d0dd57030b71410bcb83ec8005</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:55:30 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Barnes - Alan Kay paper —
This is Susan Barnes paper on Alan Kays computer work as a
communication medium.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Barnes_Alan Kay-Transforming the Computer into a Communication Medium_2007.pdf"><img src="export/Barnes_Alan Kay-Transforming the Computer into a Communication Medium_2007.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #19 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 6b5d4f551fb1e87e8e9927fcca1251f89e337862</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:54:46 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>First Dutch computer —
Just for fun as we are in Amsterdam
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="ARRA 1 Computer-first dutch computer.jpg"><img src="ARRA 1 Computer-first dutch computer.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #20 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 275bd069c45ddcaae1e609b9642214649df13cc5</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:54:21 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>The Arithometer —
The first widely used calculating machine. The Arithometer was in use
from the 1860 to this final version produced in 1914.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Arithmometer_Veuve_Payen_Last to be manufactured 1914.png"><img src="Arithmometer_Veuve_Payen_Last to be manufactured 1914.png"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #21 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: ddbce4b4d8fbd7fbb2b171002d5eb37f9846bd62</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:53:27 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Logic gates —
Again, the process of the computer chip is not so calculative as it is
logical. It is a process of logical choices of input. Turings point
was that these logical choices, assembled in a process, could emulate
any calculative process.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="all computer logic gates.gif"><img src="all computer logic gates.gif"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #22 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 96e409a72f703ca63402c8f524483e73f27a8aea</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:51:42 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Alan Turing photo —
I particularly like this photo of Alan Turing as it is about the only
one where he is smiling.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Alan Turing.jpg"><img src="Alan Turing.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #23 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: e6b9d81618e54b0c267708cbf7ee2fa61444c226</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:50:40 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Nice set of adding machines and calculators from google — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Adding Machines.pdf"><img src="export/Adding Machines.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #24 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 5151310092a162121a2d004a64e020176cb7b72e</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Mar 19 2015 09:50:18 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Alan Kay's KiddieKomp Computer —
this shows how in the early stages of SRI and PARCs work on the
personal computer, they were media and education devices. This shows
how the goals were not at all about computation, but about media and
information work and coding.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Alan Kay's KiddieKomp Computer diagram_.gif"><img src="Alan Kay's KiddieKomp Computer diagram_.gif"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #25 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 59b9924d4610984f5aaa770ff810066c55320864</h2></commit>
<commit>Wed Mar 04 2015 19:35:29 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>When computers were human —
Chapter 5 of Griers Book, when People were human. "A carpet for the
computing room".
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Grier-CarpetForcomputingRoom.pdf"><img src="export/Grier-CarpetForcomputingRoom.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #26 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: a7b02f434e5137421f4091d491885abda839960d</h2></commit>
<commit>Wed Mar 04 2015 19:34:47 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Electronic brains —
A 1960s advert for the Geniac, an electronic brain (calculator)
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Geniac-Electronic brain from 1957.png"><img src="Geniac-Electronic brain from 1957.png"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #27 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: ca9b21e46a57b16054ad1ddc620a3663c4868df3</h2></commit>
<commit>Wed Mar 04 2015 19:34:07 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Spreadsheet way of knowing —
Paper from the early 1980s on the rise of spreadsheets and their
particular epistemology.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="A Spreadsheet Way of Knowledge — Backchannel — Medium.pdf"><img src="export/A Spreadsheet Way of Knowledge — Backchannel — Medium.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #28 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 51149552523e10a2f0a765283ff85b39bfb1e571</h2></commit>
<commit>Wed Mar 04 2015 19:33:15 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Ledgers as computational formula —
Ledgers were the primary computational forms for economic, statistical
and financial reckoning until well into the 1970s.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="13 column ledger paper.jpg"><img src="13 column ledger paper.jpg"/></a>
<a href="ledger of slave picked cotton_1840-1860.jpg"><img src="ledger of slave picked cotton_1840-1860.jpg"/></a>
<a href="ledgers.jpg"><img src="ledgers.jpg"/></a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #29 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 171d96db6379741183c94708933a3562fbe33367</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Feb 12 2015 10:20:23 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Calculating machines, calculating women —
Three works on women as computors (computers) and its importance to the
concept of computation.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Prentice_Calculating machines calculating women-redesigning astronomical and scientific computation in Britian 1915-1946_2000.pdf"><img src="export/Prentice_Calculating machines calculating women-redesigning astronomical and scientific computation in Britian 1915-1946_2000.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="Skinner_The age of the female computers_2006.pdf"><img src="export/Skinner_The age of the female computers_2006.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="Women Computers in World War II - GHN: IEEE Global History Network.pdf"><img src="export/Women Computers in World War II - GHN: IEEE Global History Network.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #30 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 730c25b9be31f5d36fbd79f1145dd0d08ece1e62</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Feb 12 2015 10:19:19 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>NRC categories of mathematical tables —
This is fun to see that "Calculating machines" are relegated to Z
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="National Research Counil bibliography of mathematical tables and other aids to computation_1939.pdf"><img src="export/National Research Counil bibliography of mathematical tables and other aids to computation_1939.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #31 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: e8e60e82c750b7901f0018c53c8ef6d2fc5627ab</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Feb 12 2015 10:18:15 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>History of Computation —
Not that good, but a useful resource.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="History of Computation - 16-19th Century Work.pdf"><img src="export/History of Computation - 16-19th Century Work.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #32 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: e1bd1f73d3534fa450c1b1f3202a4667a84bc304</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Feb 12 2015 09:40:28 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Turing's article on Computing machinery intelligen —
Turing's article on Computing machinery and intelligence. There is an
open document as well as the original.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Turing_Computing machinery and intelligence_1950.docx">Turing_Computing machinery and intelligence_1950.docx</a>
<a href="Turing_Computing machinery and intelligence_1950_ORIGINAL.pdf"><img src="export/Turing_Computing machinery and intelligence_1950_ORIGINAL.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #33 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 971ee4a2c2d74a27d40c4179f952d2c6804d7e0a</h2></commit>
<commit>Wed Feb 11 2015 14:29:03 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Turing's original paper —
This is a clean copy of Turings On Computable Numbers. Thought it
could be nice to have.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Turing_On Computable Numbers_1936.pdf"><img src="export/Turing_On Computable Numbers_1936.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #34 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 35e55430752ec2ee1f1250fd64c6883b55f136dd</h2></commit>
<commit>Tue Feb 10 2015 11:50:38 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Deleuze -- The Exhausted —
About Combinatorics and Samuel Beckett — à propos when talking about
Computers (humans)
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Gilles Deleuze - The Exhausted.pdf"><img src="export/Gilles Deleuze - The Exhausted.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #35 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: c3d457ec50a0fab867b75f6c495e39c2d99a2f1d</h2></commit>
<commit>Tue Feb 10 2015 11:47:04 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Von Neumann (EDVAC + Errors) —
I like the idea of fragments (re: Arcades Project) — perhaps wed need
to find a combinatorics of fragments.
</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="Computation Project - a proposal.pages">Computation Project - a proposal.pages</a>
<a href="Copeland_Computation_2004.pdf"><img src="export/Copeland_Computation_2004.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="Pickering_The Cybernetic Brain Sketches of Another Future_2010 copy.pdf"><img src="export/Pickering_The Cybernetic Brain Sketches of Another Future_2010 copy.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="VonNeumann-EDVAC-2003-08-TheFirstDraft.pdf"><img src="export/VonNeumann-EDVAC-2003-08-TheFirstDraft.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="VonNeumann56-LOGIC-AUTOMATA-ERROR-REDUNDANCY.pdf"><img src="export/VonNeumann56-LOGIC-AUTOMATA-ERROR-REDUNDANCY.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="Wikipedia_Computational Logic.pdf"><img src="export/Wikipedia_Computational Logic.pdf.png"/>
</a> <a href="computation-OED.pdf"><img src="export/computation-OED.pdf.png"/>
</a> </content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #36 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 9d76cb75f3ca0df9b1c78e2f66c6ad00b4138052</h2></commit>
<commit>Fri Feb 06 2015 10:34:53 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>shannon symbolic analysis</h3></message>
<content>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #37 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 64bb642fa08f57f973037a33bbd9e118ed990104</h2></commit>
<commit>Fri Feb 06 2015 10:26:01 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>_prose.yml config</h3></message>
<content>
<a href="_prose.yml">_prose.yml</a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #38 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 9dceef36ffc51697ce48724da8105f9be40404ec</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Feb 05 2015 13:47:24 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>Initial commit — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="README.md">README.md</a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #39 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: eaf4543e4be487fb8b45618aab2c341004963f80</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Feb 05 2015 14:44:38 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>HAHA! commit — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="index.md">index.md</a>
</content>
</entry>
<!-- entry #40 -->
<entry>
<commit><h2>Commit: 7dadd47237a3290df8098a7d48259deea6c83dd1</h2></commit>
<commit>Thu Feb 05 2015 13:55:04 GMT+0100 (CET)</commit>
<message><h3>HAHA! commit — </h3></message>
<content>
<a href="index.html">index.html</a>
</content>
</entry>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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var nodegit = require('nodegit')
var path = require('path')
var fs = require('fs')
var git_branch = 'gh-pages';
var all = []
var git_data = []
var cnt = 0;
var export_path = 'export';
var export_index_fname = 'index.json';
var export_index = null;
var template = '';
var imgs_list_ext_valid = ['.png', '.jpeg', '.jpg', '.gif']
fs.readFile('template.html', 'utf8', function(err, data) {
if(err) console.log(err);
template = data;
});
// hmm...
var export_index_path = path.join(export_path, export_index_fname);
if(fs.existsSync(export_index_path))
export_index = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(export_index_path, 'utf8'));
nodegit.Repository.open(path.resolve(__dirname, './.git'))
.then(function(repo) {
return repo.getBranchCommit(git_branch);
})
.then(function(first_commit) {
var history = first_commit.history(nodegit.Revwalk.SORT.REVERSE);
//var history = first_commit.history(nodegit.Revwalk.SORT.TIME);
history.on("commit", function(commit) {
var entry = {};
entry.commit = commit.sha();
entry.author = commit.author().name();
entry.date = commit.date();
entry.raw = commit.rawHeader();
entry.message = commit.message().replace('\n', ' — ');
entry.files = [];
commit.getTree()
.then(function (tree) {
var entries = tree.entries();
for(e in entries) {
var ep = entries[e].path();
if(all.indexOf(ep) != -1) continue;
all.push(ep);
entry.files.push(ep);
}
});
git_data.push(entry);
});
history.on("end", function() {
var body = '';
git_data.reverse();
for(var i in git_data) {
if(git_data[i].files.length > 0)
body += emit_git_entry(git_data[i]);
}
console.log(template.replace('[[_export_]]', body));
});
history.start();
})
.done();
function emit_git_entry(entry) {
var html = '<!-- entry #' + cnt++ + ' -->\n';
html += '<entry>\n'
html += ' <commit><h2>Commit: ' + entry.commit + '</h2></commit>\n';
html += ' <commit>' + entry.date + '</commit>\n';
html += ' <message><h3>' + entry.message + '</h3></message>\n';
html += ' <content>\n';
for(var q in entry.files) {
html += ' ' + emit_git_content(entry.files[q]);
}
html += ' </content>\n';
return html + '</entry>\n'
}
function emit_git_content(c) {
if(!fs.existsSync(path.join('.', c))) return '';
if(!fs.statSync(path.join('.', c)).isFile()) return '';
var ext = path.extname(c);
if(imgs_list_ext_valid.indexOf(ext) != -1)
return '<a href="' + c + '"><img src="' + c + '"/></a>\n';
else if(ext === '.pdf') {
return '<a href="' + c + '">' + emit_git_content_pdf(c) + '</a>';
} else {
return '<a href="' + c + '">' + c + '</a>\n';
}
}
function emit_git_content_pdf(c) {
var index = exists(c);
if(!index) return '';
return '<img src="' + path.join(export_path, index.imgs[0]) + '"/>\n';
}
/// hmmm....
function exists(fname) {
if(!export_index) return null;
for (var e in export_index) {
if(export_index[e].name === fname)
return export_index[e];
}
return null;
}

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@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from French _**computer**_ or Latin _**computare**_, **
> Most actual digital computers have only a finite store. There is no theoretical difficulty in the idea of a computer with an unlimited store. Of course only a finite part can have been used at any one time. Likewise only a finite amount can have been constructed, but we can imagine more and more being added as required. Such computers have special theoretical interest and will be called infinitive capacity computers. > Most actual digital computers have only a finite store. There is no theoretical difficulty in the idea of a computer with an unlimited store. Of course only a finite part can have been used at any one time. Likewise only a finite amount can have been constructed, but we can imagine more and more being added as required. Such computers have special theoretical interest and will be called infinitive capacity computers.
---- ----
![](http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Bush-Vannevar/bush_vannevar_differential_analyzer.c1930.102618648.lg.jpg) ![](http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Bush-Vannevar/bush_vannevar_differential_analyzer.c1930.102618648.lg.jpg)
---- ----
Norber Wiener, _Cybernetics_ Norber Wiener, _Cybernetics_
@ -110,24 +108,5 @@ Leibnitz. _Explication de larithmétique binaire_
[Godefroy-Guillaume Leibnitz. _Explication de larithmétique binaire, qui se sert des seuls caractères O et I avec des remarques sur son utilité et sur ce quelle donne le sens des anciennes figures chinoises de Fohy_. Mémoires de mathématique et de physique de lAcadémie royale des sciences, Académie royale des sciences, 1703.](img/Leibniz_ArithmetiqueBinaire.pdf) [Godefroy-Guillaume Leibnitz. _Explication de larithmétique binaire, qui se sert des seuls caractères O et I avec des remarques sur son utilité et sur ce quelle donne le sens des anciennes figures chinoises de Fohy_. Mémoires de mathématique et de physique de lAcadémie royale des sciences, Académie royale des sciences, 1703.](img/Leibniz_ArithmetiqueBinaire.pdf)
----
## When Computers Where Humans
<iframe width="100%" height="400" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YwqltwvPnkw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
----
![](/img/reckoners.png)
[link to book](http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners.html#TOC)
----
Stibitz, George - "Relay Computers"
> By “calculator” or “calculating machine” we shall mean a device . . capable of accepting two numbers A and B, and of forming some or any of thecombinations A + B,A - B,A x B,A/B.By “computer” we shall mean a machine capable of carrying out automatically a succession of oper- ations of this kind and of storing the necessary intermediate results . . . . Human agents will be referred to as “operators” to distinguish them from “computers” (machines).
-- Stibitz, George. February, 1945. “Relay Computers.” National Defense Research Committee, Applied Mathematics Panel, AMP Report 171.1R. via Ceruzzi, Paul E. “When Computers Were Human.” Annals of the History of Computing 13, no. 3 (July 1991): 23744. doi:10.1109/MAHC.1991.10025.

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{
"name": "reckon",
"version": "0.0.0",
"description": "Reckoning Histories of Computation",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "https://github.com/gauthiier/reckon.git"
},
"keywords": [
"Arcades",
"Project"
],
"author": "gauthiier",
"license": "ISC",
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/gauthiier/reckon/issues"
},
"homepage": "https://github.com/gauthiier/reckon",
"dependencies": {
"ghostscript": "https://github.com/gauthiier/node-ghostscript/tarball/master",
"nodegit": "^0.4.0"
},
"scripts" : {
"export": "node export.js",
"index": "node index.js > index.html"
}
}

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body {
font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, Georgia, serif;
background-color: #ffff99;
bbackground-color: #e9d6a8;
bbackground-color: #eeeeee;
}
#listing {
width: 100%;
}
#title {
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
text-align: center;
margin: 3em;
}
entry {
display: block;
width: 75%;
border: 1px solid grey;
min-width: 650px;
margin-top: 0.6em;
padding: 0.6em;
background-color: #ffffcc;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
commit {
display: block;
}
content {
display: block;
}
content img {
max-width: 300px;
border: 1px solid grey;
background-color: white;
}

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